Paciente varón de tres años con sibilancias y tos crónica / Three-Year-Old Male with Wheezing and Chronic Cough

Se presenta el caso de un niño de 3 años con diagnóstico de asma, rinitis alérgica, características craneofaciales dismórficas e infecciones respiratorias altas y bajas recurrentes, manejado como asma desde un inicio. Como parte del estudio de comorbilidades, se decide realizar una prueba del sudor que sale en rango intermedio y más tarde se encuentra una mutación, donde se obtiene un resultado positivo para una copia que se asocia a fibrosis quística. Se revisará el caso, así como el diagnóstico, clínica y tratamiento del síndrome metabólico relacionado con el regulador de conductancia transmembrana de fibrosis quística (CRMS).

We present the case of a 3-year-old boy with a diagnosis of asthma, allergic rhinitis, dysmorphic craniofacial characteristics and recurrent upper and lower respiratory infections, managed as asthma from the beginning. As part of the study of comorbidi-ties, it was decided to carry out a sweat test that came out in the intermediate range and later one mutation was found, where a positive result was obtained for a copy that is associated with cystic fibrosis. The case will be reviewed, as well as the diagnosis, symptoms and treatment of the metabolic syndrome related to the cystic fibrosis trans-membrane conductance regulator (CRMS).

Rinitis alérgica en pediatría: recomendaciones para su diagnóstico y tratamiento / Allergic rhinitis in pediatrics: recommendations for diagnosis and treatment

La rinitis alérgica (RA) es una de las enfermedades crónicas más frecuentes de la infancia. Sin embargo, permanece subdiagnosticada y subtratada. Su prevalencia ha aumentado en los últimos años y varía del 2 % al 25 %. Los síntomas de la RA incluyen estornudos, prurito, rinorrea y congestión nasal. Un correcto diagnóstico y tratamiento de la RA y sus comorbilidades, tales como rinosinusitis con o sin poliposis nasal, conjuntivitis, otitis media, asma bronquial e infecciones del tracto respiratorio, son importantes para reducir el impacto negativo en la afectación de la calidad de vida del paciente y sus familiares, y los gastos sanitarios que ocasiona. La inmunoterapia alérgeno específica, en pacientes correctamente seleccionados, previene nuevas sensibilizaciones y reduce la hiperreactividad bronquial asociada a la RA. Considerando todos estos factores, el Comité Nacional de Alergia de la Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría propone recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia actual.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common chronic diseases in children. However, it remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Its prevalence has increased in recent years and varies from 2 to 25 %. Symptoms include sneezing, itching, runny nose, and nasal congestion. A correct diagnosis and treatment of AR and its comorbidities such as rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyposis, conjunctivitis, otitis media, bronchial asthma and respiratory tract infections, are important to reduce the negative impact on the quality of life of the patient and their relatives, and in medical costs. Specific allergen immunotherapy, in correctly selected patients, prevents new sensitizations and reduces bronchial hyperreactivity associated with AR. Taking into account all these reasons, the National Allergy Committee of the Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría proposes current evidence based recommendations

Analysis of related factors for postoperative recurrence of antrochoanal polyps in children / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To analyze the correlation between nasal resistance and lung function in children with allergic rhinitis（AR）, and explore whether AR children with increased nasal resistance are accompanied by potential lower respiratory tract involvement. Methods:A total of 88 children diagnosed with AR from December 2021 to December 2022 were selected as the study group, while 20 normal children were selected as the control group during the same period. Both the study group and the control group children underwent lung function tests, bronchodilator tests, and nasal resistance measurements. Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed on the results of nasal resistance and lung function tests to explore the relationship and influencing factors between the two groups.According to the results of nasal resistance measurement, children with increased nasal resistance and abnormal lung function were divided into a mild increase in nasal resistance with abnormal lung function group and a moderate to severe increase in nasal resistance with abnormal lung function group. The degree of increased nasal resistance was analyzed to determine whether it would affect lung function. Results:The FEF25, FEF50, and FEF75 levels in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group（P<0.05）. The FEV1of children with moderate to severe increase in AR nasal resistance was significantly lower than that of children with mild increase in AR nasal resistance（P<0.05）. There was a correlation between nasal resistance and FEV1/FVC, R20 in AR children, and FEV1/FVC, R20 were the influencing factors of nasal resistance in AR children（P<0.05）. There was no correlation between total serum IgE, lung function, and bronchodilation test in AR patients（P>0.05）. Conclusion:The nasal ventilation function of AR patients has changed, and there is a downward trend in small airway function. Children with moderate to severe increase in AR nasal resistance have a more significant decrease in lung ventilation function than those with mild increase. The nasal resistance of AR children is influenced by FEV1/FVC and R20, and FEV1/FVC and R20 decrease as the nasal resistance value increases. The improvement rate of lung function and FEV1 are not influencing factors for the elevation of total serum IgE.

Evaluation of subjective scale in allergen nasal provocation test / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To compare the clinical value of visual analogue scale （VAS）, Lebel scale and total nasal symptom scores （TNSS） in evaluating nasal allergen provocation test （NAPT）. Methods:A total of 151 patients suspected of allergic rhinitis admitted to the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of our hospital from April 2020 to September 2020 were included, of which 76 were positive for house dust mites and 75 were negative for allergens. Nasal airway resistance（NAR） was measured by active anterior nasal manometry. Nasal symptoms were evaluated by VAS, Lebel and TNSS. House dust mite allergen was used for NAPT by spray method. An increase≥40% in NAR was used as the gold standard for objective evaluation of NAPT. ROC curves of VAS, Lebel and TNSS were drawn to compare the evaluation effectiveness of different subjective evaluation methods, and the optimal critical point of each ROC curve was obtained. Results:With NAR increased by ≥40% as the gold standard, the area under ROC curve of VAS was 0.884, and the sensitivity and specificity were 97.75% and 80.65%, respectively. The area under ROC curve of Lebel was 0.773, and the sensitivity and specificity were 68.54% and 75.81%, respectively. The area under ROC curve of TNSS was 0.792, and the sensitivity and specificity were 68.54% and 79.03%, respectively. There was no significant difference between Lebel and TNSS（P>0.05）. The VAS differed significantly from Lebel and TNSS（P<0.05）. The Kappa values of VAS, Lebel, TNSS and NAR were 0.803, 0.432 and 0.459, respectively. Conclusion:The VAS, Lebel, TNSS subjective scale and NAR are consistent in evaluating the efficacy of NAPT, with the VAS assessment showing highest consistency with NAR. As objective assessment instruments are not widely used in China, subjective assessment method could be adopted to evaluate the efficacy of NAPT in clinical practice, and VAS scale is recommended as a priority.

Research progress and clinical application of allergen nasal provocation test / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

The allergen nasal provocation testing（NPT）, in which allergens are applied directly to the nasal mucosa under standard and controlled conditions to provoke the main symptoms of allergic rhinitis（AR）, reproduces the response of the upper respiratory tract to natural exposure to allergens under controlled conditions and is the only test currently available to confirm nasal reactivity to allergens. It is invaluable in studying the mechanisms of AR and in assessing the response to novel anti-allergic treatments. The test may play an increasingly important role in clinical practice, especially in the identification of local AR, the diagnosis of occupational AR, the clarification of the composition of allergens, the assessment of the efficacy of AR treatment and the selection of candidates undergoing allergen immunotherapy. This article reviewed the application of NPT in the diagnosis of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, and also introduces the indications, contraindications, advantages and limitations of NPT in evaluating nasal response.

Rinitis alérgica, apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño y sensibilización a ácaros / Allergic rhinitis, obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea and mite sensitization

La asociación de rinitis alérgica y el síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño se presenta en diferentes edades. En la rinitis alérgica y el síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño, puede estar involucrada la sensibilización a ácaros, principalmente: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides siboney y Blomia tropicalis. Con el objetivo de diagnosticar el síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño se seleccionaron 120 individuos del registro de alergia del Policlínico Previsora, Camagüey, Cuba, con diagnóstico presuntivo de rinitis alérgica y edad entre 5 y 15 años cumplidos. Todos tenían realizada la prueba de punción cutánea con Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides siboney y Blomia tropicalis; algunos también, la poligrafía cardiorrespiratoria mediante el dispositivo ApneaLinkAirTM (Resmed Corp., RFA), utilizando el marcaje automático de eventos. La muestra fue de 40 casos (respiración oral, ronquidos) y 80 controles (sin respiración oral, ni ronquidos). La media del tamaño del habón fue de 7,9 mm en los casos y 4,1 mm en los controles (p꞊0,030). El índice de apnea-hipopnea fue positivo en 47 (39,1 por ciento) pacientes, de ellos, 36 (30 por ciento) casos y 11 (9,1 por ciento) controles (p=0,001). La sensibilidad y especificidad de la poligrafía cardiorrespiratoria mostró valores de 85,00 por ciento y 91,25 por ciento respectivamente que permiten afirmar el grado de eficacia de la prueba para diagnosticar apnea e hipopnea obstructiva del sueño. Los pacientes con síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño en los casos y controles presentaron incremento, con predominio para casos. La poligrafía cardiorrespiratoria con el dispositivo ApneaLink permite hacer el diagnóstico del síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño en rinitis alérgica(AU)

The association of allergic rhinitis and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome occurs at different ages. In allergic rhinitis and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, sensitization to mites may be involved, mainly: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides siboney and Blomia tropicalis. With the objective to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, 120 individuals were selected from the allergy registry of the Previsora Polyclinic, Camagüey, Cuba, with a presumptive diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and ages between 5 and 15 years old. All had the skin prick test with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides siboney and Blomia tropicalis; some also, cardio-respiratory polygraphy with the ApneaLink AirTM device (Resmed Corp., RFA), using automatic event marking. The sample consisted of 40 cases (oral breathing, snoring) and 80 controls (no oral breathing or snoring). The mean size of the wheal was 7.9 mm in the cases and 4.1 mm in the controls (p꞊0.030). The apnea and hypopnea index was positive in 47 (39.1 percent) patients, of which 36 (30 percent) were cases and 11 (9.1 percent) were controls (p=0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of the cardiorespiratory polygraphy showed values of 85.00 percent and 91.25 percent, respectively, which allow affirming the degree of efficacy of the test to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in cases and controls presented an increase, with a predominance for cases. Cardiorespiratory polygraphy with the ApneaLink device allows the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in allergic rhinitis(AU)

Application of fractional exhaled nitric oxide and nasal nitric oxide in control evaluation of bronchial asthma and diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the association of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and nasal nitric oxide (nNO) with asthma control and their value in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in children.@*METHODS@#A total of 186 children aged 5-12 years, who attended the outpatient service of the Department of Respiration, Shanghai Children's Hospital due to bronchial asthma and/or allergic rhinitis or who underwent physical examination, were enrolled as subjects, with 52 children in the asthma group, 60 children in the asthma+allergic rhinitis group, 36 children in the allergic rhinitis group, and 38 children in the control group. FeNO, nNO, and pulmonary function were compared between groups.@*RESULTS@#The asthma+allergic rhinitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis groups had a significantly higher level of FeNO than the control group (P<0.05). The asthma+allergic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis groups had a significantly higher level of nNO than the asthma and control groups (P<0.05). The uncontrolled asthma and partially controlled asthma groups had significantly higher levels of FeNO and nNO than the completely controlled asthma group (P<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that nNO had an area under the ROC curve of 0.91, with a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 89.5% in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in children with asthma (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The combined measurement of nNO and FeNO can be used to evaluate the control of asthma, and the measurement of nNO can help with the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in children with bronchial asthma.

Individualized treatment for allergic rhinitis based on key nasal clinical manifestations combined with histamine and leukotriene D4 levels / Tratamento individualizado para a rinite alérgica baseado nas principais manifestações clínicas nasais e dos níveis de histamina e leucotrieno D4

Abstract Introduction The types of allergic rhinitis are roughly classified based on the causative antigens, disease types, predilection time, and symptom severity. Objective To examine the clinical typing and individualized treatment approach for allergic rhinitis and to determine the optimal treatment method for this disease using various drug combination therapies. Methods A total of 108 participants with allergic rhinitis were divided into three groups based on symptoms. Subsequently, each group was further categorized into four subgroups based on the medications received. The efficacy of the treatments was evaluated using the visual analog scale VAS scores of the total and individual nasal symptoms, decline index of the symptom score, histamine and leukotriene levels, and mRNA and protein expression levels of histamine 1 and cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptors. Results Loratadine + mometasone furoate and loratadine + mometasone furoate + montelukast significantly improved the sneezing symptom and reduced the histamine levels compared with the other combination therapies (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, montelukast + mometasone furoate and montelukast + mometasone furoate + loratadine considerably improved the nasal obstruction symptom and decreased the leukotriene D4 levels compared with the other combination therapies (p < 0.05). Conclusion Clinical symptom evaluation combined with experimental detection of histamine and leukotriene levels can be an objective and accurate method to clinically classify the allergic rhinitis types. Furthermore, individualized treatment based on allergic rhinitis classification can result in a good treatment efficacy.

Resumo Introdução A rinite alérgica é basicamente classificada de acordo com os antígenos causadores, tipos de doença, peridiocidade e gravidade dos sintomas. Objetivo Avaliar os tipos clínicos e a abordagem terapêutica individualizada para cada tipo de rinite alérgica e determinar o método de tratamento ideal utilizando várias terapias de combinação de fármacos. Método Um total de 108 participantes com rinite alérgica foram divididos em três grupos com base nos sintomas. Posteriormente, cada grupo foi subsequentemente categorizado em quatro subgrupos com base nos medicamentos recebidos. A eficácia dos tratamentos foi avaliada utilizando os escores da escala visual analógica EVA dos sintomas nasais totais e individualmente, índice de declínio do escore de sintomas, níveis de histamina e leucotrienos e níveis de expressão de mRNA e proteína dos receptores de histamina 1 e cisteinil-leucotrieno 1. Resultados As associações entre loratadina + furoato de mometasona, assim como a de loratadina + furoato de mometasona + montelucaste melhoraram significativamente o sintoma de espirros e reduziram os níveis de histamina em comparação às outras terapias combinadas (p < 0,05). Por outro lado, a associação montelucaste + furoato de mometasona, assim como a associação montelucaste + furoato de mometasone + loratadina melhoraram consideravelmente o sintoma de obstrução nasal e diminuíram os níveis de leucotrieno D4 em comparação com as outras combinações (p < 0,05). Conclusão A avaliação clínica dos sintomas combinada com a detecção experimental dos níveis de histamina e leucotrieno pode ser um método objetivo e preciso para classificar clinicamente os tipos de rinite alérgica. Além disso, o tratamento individualizado baseado na classificação da rinite alérgica pode resultar no aumento da eficácia do tratamento.

Importancia de los alérgenos de ácaros domésticos en el diagnóstico de la rinitis alérgica con síndrome de apnea-hipopnea del sueño / Importance of household mite allergens in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis with sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome

Los ácaros Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp), Dermatophagoides siboney (Ds) y Blomia tropicalis (Bt), constituyen la herramienta fundamental para diagnóstico e inmunoterapia de rinitis alérgica (RA), que en muchas ocasiones se asocia al síndrome apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS). Para diagnosticar SAHOS se seleccionaron 465 individuos del registro de alergia del Policlínico Previsora, Camagüey, Cuba, con diagnóstico presuntivo de RA. Se descartaron aquellos con prueba cutánea Prick test negativa a Dp, Ds y Bt y sin poligrafía cardio-respiratoria (PCR), quedando para estudio 236 pacientes entre 8 y 70 años de edad: 102 casos (43,2 por ciento) definidos como aquellos con respiración oral y ronquidos y 134 controles (56,7 por ciento) sin respiración oral ni ronquidos. La PCR se realizó utilizando el marcaje automático de eventos del dispositivo ApneaLink AirTM (Resmed Corp., RFA). La media del tamaño del habón fue de 5,9 mm en los casos (p=0,02). El índice de apnea e hipopnea (IAH) fue positivo en 129 pacientes (54,6 por ciento); de ellos, 97 casos (41,1 por ciento) y 32 controles (13,5 por ciento). Los pacientes con IAH˃20/h predominaron en los casos con 21 individuos (8,8 por ciento) (p꞊0,048). La sensibilidad del PCR fue del 95,10 por ciento, su especificidad del 76,12 por ciento. Los valores predictivos positivos y negativos del 75,19 por ciento y 95,33 por ciento respectivamente. Se estimó en 3,98 la razón de verosimilitud positiva y de 0,06 la negativa. Los pacientes con SAHOS en los casos y controles presentan incremento con predominio para casos (p=0,002). La PCR con el dispositivo ApneaLink permite hacer el diagnóstico de SAHOS en RA(AU)

The mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp), Dermatophagoides siboney (Ds) and Blomia tropicalis (Bt) are the primary tool for the diagnosis and immunotherapy of Allergic Rhinitis (AR), which is often associated with the Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS). To diagnose OSAHS, 465 individuals were selected from the allergy registry of the Previsora Polyclinic, Camagüey, Cuba, with presumptive diagnosis of AR. Those with a skin test (Prick test) negative to Dp, Ds and Bt, and without a previous Cardiorespiratory Polygraphy (CRP) were discarded, leaving 236 patients between 8 and 70 years old: 102 cases (43.2 percent) those with oral breathing and snoring and 134 controls (56.7 percent) without oral breathing or snoring. The CRP data analysis was performed using the automatic algorithm of the ApneaLink AirTM device (Resmed Corp., Germany). The average size of the wheal was 5.9 mm in cases (p = 0.02). The Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) was greater than 5 events/hour in 129 patients (54.6 percent); of those, 97 cases (41.1 percent) and 32 controls (13.5 percent). Patients with AHI˃20/h predominated in cases with 21 individuals (8.8 percent) (p꞊0.048). The sensitivity of the PCR was 95.10 percent, its specificity 76.12 percent. The positive and negative predictive values were 75.19 percent and 95.33 percent respectively. The positive likelihood ratio was 3.98 and the negative one was 0.06. The prevalence of OSAHS was significantly higher in cases compared to controls (p =0.002). The CRP with the ApneaLink device allows the diagnosis of SAHOS in AR(AU)

Comparison of 1α-25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and IgE Levels between Allergic Rhinitis Patients and Healthy People

Abstract Introduction Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common allergic diseases that cause a decrease in quality of life. Over the last decades, the increase in the number of cases is supposed to be a result of industrialization and lifestyle changes. Vitamin D, which is a steroid hormone, has a significant immunomodulatory and antioxidant role in the human body. Objective The objective of the present study is to investigate the role of 1α-25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels in allergic rhinitis patients and to compare them to the levels found in the healthy population. Methods A total of 256 participants were included in the present study. Allergic rhinitis is diagnosed with the help of the Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines confirmed through skin prick tests. Control subjects were selected among people without allergy history, which was also confirmed through skin prick tests. The levels of 1α-25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, immunoglobulin E (IgE), and eosinophil counts were measured in blood samples from both groups. Results The mean value of serum levels of 1α-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was 25.5 ± 3.74 in the allergic rhinitis group, and 31.58 ± 3.85 in the control subjects. This difference reveals statistically-decreased levels in the allergic rhinitis group (p< 0.05). The total IgE levels are increased in the allergic rhinitis group (p< 0.05) and negatively correlated with the serum levels of 1α-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (r = - 0.259, p< 0.05). Conclusion Lower serum levels of 1α-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were detected in the allergic rhinitis population. This data is also correlated to the IgE response in the study group. A supplement of 1α-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in deficient patients might be helpful to relieve symptoms and signs of allergic rhinitis, but further studies are needed.

Principales aeroalérgenos en rinoconjuntivitis alérgica en la ciudad de Temuco, Chile / Aeroallergens causing rhinoconjunctivitis

Background: Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) has a prevalence of 30% in industrialized countries. For an accurate diagnosis and treatment, it is crucial to identify the causative aeroallergen. Aim: To evaluate aeroallergen sensitization in adults with ARC in the city of Temuco, Chile. Patients and Methods: A skin test against the main aeroallergens present in Temuco was carried out in patients aged 15 to 64 years with ARC diagnosed by medical examination and the Score For Allergic Rhinitis. Results: At least one aeroallergen sensitization was present in 234 (62.4%) out of 375 patients. Pollen-sensitized patients were positive mainly for Grasses (44.4%), Plantago (27.8%), Cynodon (26.1%), Sorrel (23.5%), Birch (14.9%), Nothofagus obliqua (13.3%) and Alder (11.1%). Dust mites were the most common non-pollinic sensitizing aeroallergens, including Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (70.1%) and Dermatophagoides farinae (62.8%). Conclusions: According to our results, skin tests in the city of Temuco should include at least dust mites, pollens of Grasses, Plantago, Cynodon, Sorrel, Birch, Nothofagus obliqua and Alder, because these allergens account for 93% of ARC cases in this city.

Translation into Portuguese and validation of the Rhinitis Control Assessment Test (RCAT) questionnaire / Tradução para o português e validação do questionário de controle da rinite Rhinitis Control Assessment Test (RCAT)

Abstract Introduction: The Rhinitis Control Assessment Test (RCAT) is a simple self-administered questionnaire developed to assess control of rhinitis. Objectives: Translate into Brazilian Portuguese and validate the RCAT. Methods: The RCAT was translated into Portuguese by two translators and subsequently back-translated into English. It was then applied to 141 adolescents with allergic rhinitis. Results: The internal consistency of the RCAT was 0.73. The questionnaire scores showed significant correlation with total nasal and extra-nasal symptom scores and nasal peak inspiratory flow (r: −0.73, −0.58 and 0.52, respectively; p < 0.001) and were significantly different when divided by physician global assessment and total nasal symptom score severity. Cutoff points between 22 and 24 had the higher areas under the ROC curve to identify patients with rhinitis control. Total nasal and extra-nasal symptom scores were significantly different when a cutoff point of 22 was used (median: 4.0 vs. 8.0 and 2.0 vs. 5.0; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the RCAT was shown to be a valid and discriminant tool to identify patients with controlled and uncontrolled allergic rhinitis.

Resumo Introdução: O Rhinitis Control Assessment Test (RCAT) é um questionário simples e autoaplicável desenvolvido para avaliar o controle da rinite. Objetivos: Traduzir para o Português validar o RCAT. Método: A tradução do RCAT foi feita por dois tradutores com posterior versão para a Língua Inglesa. O RCAT foi então aplicado de forma transversal a 141 adolescentes com rinite alérgica. Resultados: A consistência interna do RCAT foi 0,73. As notas totais do questionário se correlacionaram significantemente com os escores de sintomas nasais e extra-nasais e pico de fluxo inspiratório nasal (r: -0,73, -0,58 e 0,52, respectivamente; p < 0,001) e foram significantemente diferentes quando separadas pela opinião médica sobre o controle da rinite e pela gravidade dos sintomas nasais. Os pontos de corte entre 22 e 24 foram os com maiores áreas sob a curva ROC para definição do controle da rinite. Os escores de sintomas nasais e extra-nasais foram significantemente diferentes quando os pacientes foram separados pelo ponto de corte de 22 (medianas de 4,0 vs. 8,0 e 2,0 vs. 5,0; p < 0,001). Conclusões: A versão em Português do RCAT se mostrou uma ferramenta válida e com bom poder discriminativo para separar pacientes com rinite alérgica controlada e não controlada.

Temporal trends in the prevalence of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis in adolescents / Evolução temporal na prevalência de asma e rinoconjuntivite em adolescentes

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the temporal trend of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis prevalences as well as their symptoms in adolescents. METHODS Two cross-sectional studies were conducted using the same methodology and questionnaire as was used for adolescents aged 12 to 14 years in the Brazilian city of Florianopolis, SC, Southern Brazil. Based on the international protocol of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) study, adolescents were evaluated in 2001 and 3,150 in 2012. The schools included in this study were the same as in the 2001 study. These schools were randomly selected after stratification by network (public and private) and geographic location. The total average percentage variation was estimated for the prevalence of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis and their symptoms. RESULTS The prevalence of reported asthma was 10.9% in 2001 and 14.8% in 2012, with an average variation of 2.8% in the period. The highest average variation in the period was observed among female adolescents (4.1%). In parallel a significant increase occurred in reported physician-diagnosed asthma, 7.3% in 2001 and 11,1% in 2012, with an annual variation of 4.5%. The largest increases in reported physician-diagnosed asthma were seen in female (5.9%) and male (4.5%) public school pupils. In addition, a significant increase in reported rhinoconjunctivitis occurred, with the average variation in the period being 5.2%. Reports of severe asthma symptoms remained unchanged during the period, while the annual variation for reported current wheezing (-1.3%) and wheezing during exercise (-1.2%) decreased. CONCLUSIONS The results showed a significant increase in the annual average variation for asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis prevalence during the 2001 to 2012 period.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a tendência temporal da prevalência de asma e de rinoconjuntivite e seus sintomas em adolescentes. MÉTODOS Foram realizados dois estudos transversais utilizando a mesma metodologia e o mesmo questionário em adolescentes de 12 a 14 anos em Florianópolis, SC. Fundamentado no protocolo internacional do estudo International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), foram avaliados 4.114 adolescentes em 2001 e 3.150 em 2012. As escolas estudadas foram as mesmas de estudo anterior de 2001, selecionadas aleatoriamente após estratificação por rede (pública e privada) e por localização geográfica. A variação percentual anual média total foi estimada para a prevalência de asma e seus sintomas e para rinoconjuntivite. RESULTADOS A prevalência de relato de asma foi de 10,9% em 2001 e de 14,8% em 2012, com variação média no período de 2,8%. A maior variação média no período ocorreu entre os adolescentes do sexo feminino (4,1%). Houve aumento significativo no relato de diagnóstico médico de asma, de 7,3% em 2001 para 11,1% em 2012, com variação anual de 4,5%. Os maiores aumentos no relato de diagnóstico médico de asma ocorreram em alunos do sexo feminino (5,9%) e masculino (4,5%) da rede pública. Houve incremento expressivo no relato de rinoconjuntivite, com variação média no período de 5,2%. O relato de sintomas de asma grave permaneceu inalterado e houve decréscimo na variação anual no período no relato de sibilos atuais (-1,3%) e de sibilos aos exercícios (-1,2%). CONCLUSÕES Os resultados mostraram incremento significativo na variação anual média da prevalência de asma e de rinoconjuntivite no período de 2001 a 2012.